Toney-McCallum II might qualify. Toney clearly won the first, IMO, but no way did he win the rematch by 7 points.
How about this, more to the point - can anyone think of a counter example where the guy who won the first fight in the ring (whether the judges rewarded that or not), then got a rough time from the judges in the rematch? I can't think of any.
So what happened in the first fight seems to be a big influence on the judges in the second fight, but if you're a living legend like Ali or Chavez, fighting an unmarketable opponent ,you may be immune from it.
With the Ali-Norton series, the third fight is the one where most suggest that Norton was robbed. Haven't heard too much complaining about the second fight. The entire series sucked, to be honest, one of the dullest trilogies in boxing history (though Ruiz-Holyfield is right there with it).
They're the kind of fights where you hear one fighter was robbed but nobody wants to bother watching the entire thing and scoring it to find out. "Robbed? I guess i'll take your word for it because i'm not sitting through that shit."
Adding Ayala-Tapia II to the mix. In addition to that period of his career being one where Ayala generally got the benefit of the doubt on the cards, Tapia went out of his way to alienate a lot of people after the first fight. Not sure if it had any impact on the cards, but I've yet to come up with any other justification for Ayala winning the rematch.
Norton closed strongly against Ali in their second fight, but Futch was right --- he couldn't get Norton to fight his best fight through the opening three or four rounds, & it told. A bit like Hagler against Leonard, in that sense. However, it was Ali who was struggling at the back-end of the bout, & I had him winning the fight 6-5-1 --- it was mighty close, & no one could have really argued if they'd given Norton the nod. Robbery? No. At most, Norton won seven rounds. He could've definitely been handed the decision, but there's no way he won by a big enough margin to suggest Ali got a gift.